Material From Original Gov't Discussion Paper
[ Summary of the experience and policy in the Netherlands from original discussion papersource#1, Experiences elsewhere p.1-2 ]The density of livestock and poultry is extremely high because of the small land base in the Netherlands (approximately one-quarter that of Manitoba). As a result, the livestock sector produces far more manure than is needed to fertilize crops. The amount of manure produced in excess of crop requirements each year is equal to the total amount of manure produced annually by livestock in Manitoba.
This situation results in over-application of manure on crops, particularly in the eastern and southern Netherlands, where the most intensive livestock production occurs. The environmental problems are complicated by the over-application of inorganic fertilizers, which are relatively cheap.
In response to the problem, the Netherlands introduced manure production rights to restrict the production of livestock manure. Animal feeds with low mineral content were promoted, causing phosphate levels in manure to fall by an average of 10 per cent. The sale of manure was also promoted to redistribute manure from areas of high stocking densities to areas of lower stocking densities. Improved fertilizer recommendations and the replacement of fertilizers by manure have led to a 30 per cent reduction in fertilizer use over recent years.
In 1998, the Netherlands introduced a minerals accounting system. Livestock farms over a certain density are required to register the nitrogen and phosphate input used in fertilizers and animal feeds, and the nutrient output in the form of products and manure. A levy is applied on nutrient losses greater than the allowable standard. Apart from the levy, the accounting system is similar to Manitoba’s Manure Management Plan requirements for large-scale livestock producers.
Lessons learned:
- The cumulative nutrient supply provided by manure and fertilizer should not exceed the crop nutrient requirements for the same area.
- Nutrient management requires careful planning every year to prevent environmental problems.
- Correcting excessive nutrient application after environmental damage has occurred is very expensive and difficult.
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Material From "Common Ground" Government Report
Other Material and References